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介護保険導入後，適所専業には機能訓練が基準条件にある。しかしその基準は担当職員の配置基準にとどまり，内容に対しては施設に任されている現状である。 特に適所介護施設での機能訓練は，施設間格差を問題視すべきだと感じる。 われわれは通所...
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介護保険導入後，適所専業には機能訓練が基準条件にある。しかしその基準は担当職員の配置基準にとどまり，内容に対しては施設に任されている現状である。 特に適所介護施設での機能訓練は，施設間格差を問題視すべきだと感じる。 われわれは通所介護事業所にかかわり，学習会?機能訓練専門職の派遣を行い，今後の適所介護専業の機能訓練のあり方を検討したので報告する。After the Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) regulation has been enacted, all the daycare agencies/ institutions must provide functional trainings to their clients as one of the standard services. However, the regulation is limited only to their personnel arrangement rather than the service content, which is left to each agency/institutionWe feel that functional trainings as a daycare service need more attention so that we can bridge the content gaps between agencies/institutions. To solve this problem, we planned to send training professionals to these daycare providers in the surrounding areas. At the same time, we have been holding training courses for daycare stuff and each trainer, which contributed to fill the knowledge and skill gaps between these trainers'. The purpose of this paper is to report our study with some suggestions about the ideal functional trainings in the future daycare servic
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Apply It! Functional training is a broad and confusing concept because of the multitude of definitions and applications. The aim of this article is to: 1) review the multitude of definitions for functional fitness from respected h...
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Apply It! Functional training is a broad and confusing concept because of the multitude of definitions and applications. The aim of this article is to: 1) review the multitude of definitions for functional fitness from respected health and fitness professionals. 2) translate the complexities of functional fitness into context for practical application by health and fitness professionals. 3) apply general programming guidelines to the development of a functional neuromotor program.
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Background: Periodization is a systematic training calendar designed to provide variations in performance targeting, while maximizing results and reducing the potential for overtraining. When provided across multiple weeks, termed...
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Background: Periodization is a systematic training calendar designed to provide variations in performance targeting, while maximizing results and reducing the potential for overtraining. When provided across multiple weeks, termed a mesocycle, it may also incorporate active recovery periods using specified drills designed to translate neuromuscular gains into targeted functional abilities. There are a number of models that can be used when applying periodization to resistance training (RT). Among the most common are the linear (LP) and daily fixed non-linear (NLP) models. It is currently unknown whether an optimal periodization strategy exists that will maximize benefits for older adults; therefore, we compared the impact of these two periodization models on neuromuscular and functional measures in a group of older persons living independently in the community.
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Objective: To track the patient-reported efficacy of a 4-wk intervention (wobble board [WB] or resistance tubing [RT]) in decreasing symptoms of chronic ankle instability (CAI) at 6 mo postintervention (6PI) as compared with immed...
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Objective: To track the patient-reported efficacy of a 4-wk intervention (wobble board [WB] or resistance tubing [RT]) in decreasing symptoms of chronic ankle instability (CAI) at 6 mo postintervention (6PI) as compared with immediately postintervention (IPI). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Participants: Fourteen of 21 participants (66.7%) responded to an electronic 6-m follow-up questionnaire (age 19.6 +/- 0.9 y, height 1.63 +/- 0.18 m, weight 70.5 +/- 16.3 kg; 2 male, 12 female; 5 WB, 9 RT). All participants met CAI criteria at enrollment, including a history of ankle sprain and recurrent episodes of giving way. Interventions: Participants completed either RT or WB protocols, both 12 sessions over 4 wk of progressive exercise. WB sessions consisted of five 40-s sets of clockwise and counterclockwise rotations. RT sessions consisted of 30 contractions against resistance tubing in each of 4 ankle directions. Main Outcome Measurements: Patient-reported symptoms of "giving way" preintervention and at 6PI, global rating of change (GRC) frequencies at IPI and 6PI, and resprains at 6PI were reported descriptively. Changes in global rating of function (GRF) and giving way were compared using Wilcoxon tests, while GRC was compared with Fisher exact test. Results: All participants reported giving way preintervention, only 57.1% reported giving way at 6PI. Resprains occurred in 21.4% of participants. Giving-way frequency (P =.017), but not GRF or GRC (P>.05), was significantly different at IPI vs 6PI. Conclusions: Simple 4-wk interventions maintained some but not all improvements at 6PI. At least 42.9% of participants would no longer meet the current study's CAI inclusion criteria due to a reduction in giving way.
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This column provides a thorough description and photographs of the proper technique for a deficit deadlift. This exercise is an advanced variation of the standard deadlift and is designed to increase strength within the lower-body...
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This column provides a thorough description and photographs of the proper technique for a deficit deadlift. This exercise is an advanced variation of the standard deadlift and is designed to increase strength within the lower-body musculature.Incorporation of the deficit deadlift may benefit those requiring explosive power, sprinting, or jumping. For a video abstract of this article, see supplemental digital content 1, http://links.lww.com/scj/a246.
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Focused Clinical Question: Is low-load exercise training with blood flow restriction (LL-BFR) more effective at increasing muscle strength compared to low-level (LL) or high-level (HL) exercise training in individuals with muscle ...
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Focused Clinical Question: Is low-load exercise training with blood flow restriction (LL-BFR) more effective at increasing muscle strength compared to low-level (LL) or high-level (HL) exercise training in individuals with muscle weakness? Clinical Bottom Line: The results of the systematic review with meta-analysis concluded that there is evidence to support the belief that LL-BFR may increase muscle strength beyond LL exercise training alone, while HL training will produce greater strength increases compared to both LL-BFR and LL training.
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Apply It! Isometric exercises performed with the spine in the neutral zone should precede (anticipatory activation) the dynamic exercises in a training program, because one of the functions of core training is to improve stability...
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Apply It! Isometric exercises performed with the spine in the neutral zone should precede (anticipatory activation) the dynamic exercises in a training program, because one of the functions of core training is to improve stability for subsequent movements to be more efficient. Training programs should use all movement dimensions (isolated or combined), including exercises that emphasize the serape (muscles involved with shoulder and trunk rotation) effect to enhance rotational movements. The use of unstable bases and loads in the exercises can be an effective strategy to increase the level of neuromuscular activation of trunk-stabilizing muscles. The implementation of multijoint exercises such as Olympic lifts or kettlebells can integrate core recruitment with the entire posterior chain.
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Interventions for challenging behavior are more likely to be effective when based on the results of a functional behavioral assessment. Research to date suggests that staff members in educational settings may not have the requisit...
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Interventions for challenging behavior are more likely to be effective when based on the results of a functional behavioral assessment. Research to date suggests that staff members in educational settings may not have the requisite levels of expertise or support to implement behavioral assessment procedures and design corresponding behavior support plans. The current review sought to examine the nature and effectiveness of Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) training described in the literature. Twenty-five studies were examined in relation to type of FBA method used, training procedure, behavioral function and intervention outcome. Training was provided in indirect, observational and experimental functional assessment procedures. Video modeling, lectures, feedback and written protocols were some commonly used training procedures. Interventions derived from results of these assessments were used in twelve studies to treat problem behavior. Social validity and treatment integrity outcomes across all studies are reported. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed along with directions for future research.
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Teaching parents to conduct functional analyses and to implement functional communication training is an efficacious approach for treating socially maintained problem behavior (Derby et al., 1997). Research has found that deliveri...
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Teaching parents to conduct functional analyses and to implement functional communication training is an efficacious approach for treating socially maintained problem behavior (Derby et al., 1997). Research has found that delivering this assessment and intervention package via telehealth technologies is efficient and acceptable to caregivers in the United States (Wacker et al., 2013b). We replicated this work with families residing in rural and urban areas of eight countries. Two behavior therapists located in the United States conducted appointments in the participants' native languages, using interpreters as needed. Parent-implemented functional analyses and treatment with functional communication training were highly effective in reducing problem behavior in children diagnosed with autism. Furthermore, parents rated the procedures as acceptable and indicated that the treatment would be effective with their children. These findings indicate that telehealth technologies are a viable option for clinicians to provide behavior analysis services to families around the world.
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Postdoctoral positions are available for enzymologists and microbiologists in enzyme and pathway discovery as part of a new multidisciplinary Program Project (P01GM118303, Novel Strategies for the Discovery of Microbial Metabolic ...
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Postdoctoral positions are available for enzymologists and microbiologists in enzyme and pathway discovery as part of a new multidisciplinary Program Project (P01GM118303, Novel Strategies for the Discovery of Microbial Metabolic Pathways). We are especially interested in applicants with demonstrated expertise in microbial genetics or mechanistic enzymology. The Program Project has the goal of developing sequence/structure-based strategies for facilitating assignment of in vitro enzymatic and in vivo metabolic roles of widely conserved enzymes of unknown function discovered in genome projects, a crucial limitation in microbial genomic biology. The project integrates bioinformatics, genetics, and metabolomics, structural biology, and computation with enzymology. The components of the Program Project are located at the University of Illinois (enzymology and microbiology; J. E. Cronan and J. A. Gerlt), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (structural biology and ligand screening; S. C. Almo), and University of California, San Francisco (modeling, docking, pathway prediction; M. P. Jacobson, A. Sali, and B. K. Shoichet). Due to the collaborative and multidisciplinary environment, the Program Project provides an opportunity to receive training in several areas. To apply or request details, please send an e-mail to enzymes@igb.illinois.edu.
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